Ship air emissions have become one of the major concerns of the maritime industry, and therefore various regulations and policies have been issued to manage air emission from ships. Although the rules ...

The integration of renewable energy sources such as wind power (WP) and photovoltaics (PV) is crucial for transitioning away from fossil fuels. However, the intermittent and unstable nature of WP and ...

Bilevel optimisation represents a class of hierarchical decision-making processes where two interrelated optimisation problems are solved sequentially. In such problems, the upper-level (or leader) ...