Humans have used fermentation for thousands of years. Chemical residues from pottery at Jiahu, in central China, date a fermented beverage of rice, honey, and fruit to roughly 9,000 years ago, and ...
Fermentation monitoring has reached a point of quiet convergence with pharmaceutical manufacturing: the same Raman probe measuring glucose and lactate in a biopharma bioreactor is now deployed inside ...
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) utilises moist solid substrates—often agro-industrial residues—as both support and nutrient source for filamentous fungi or bacteria. In contrast to submerged ...