Layers 7 through 4 are geared more to the application than the lower layers, which are designed to move packets from one place to another no matter what they contain. This top layer defines the ...

The OSI model is the basis for most of the modern digital communications. Let’s dive into the seven layers of the OSI model and answers the billion-dollar question: how to protect the transmitted data ...

The third layer of the OSI Model, the network layer, is where most network engineers focus their time and expertise. As Darragh commented in my post on the data link layer, Layer 2 is cool but Layer 3 ...

With all the attention garnered by the higher OSI layers, we sometimes forget that all seven layers are necessary for communications to work. So when troubleshooting, for example, don’t forget about ...

We met Mr. Murphy, of “What can go wrong, will” infamy, in the introduction to failure modes and the discussion of failure modes at the foundation levels. Now we will learn his tricks on shared media ...