This appendix introduces the study of vortex matter and describes some of the leading avenues of research. The experimental exploration of vortex matter, which is one of the many topics uncovered by ...

Turbulent ball: William Irvine, Takumi Matsuzawa and colleagues have used this apparatus to track turbulence with lasers and high-speed cameras. (Courtesy: Takumi Matsuzawa) Researchers in the US have ...

Better understanding the formation of swirling, ring-shaped disturbances—known as vortex rings—could help nuclear fusion researchers compress fuel more efficiently, bringing it closer to becoming a ...

Compressible vortex dynamics and shock wave interactions are central to advancing our understanding of fluid mechanics in high-speed regimes. These phenomena underpin critical applications in ...