Abstract: Ranking circular Pythagorean fuzzy sets using distance-based techniques involves calculating the distance between a circular Pythagorean fuzzy set and a reference point that represents ...

Learn how to solve problems using linear programming. A linear programming problem involves finding the maximum or minimum value of an equation, called the objective functions, subject to a system of ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Abstract: In this paper, we consider the model merging process for large language models (LLMs) under a two-stage optimization framework. Traditional merging methods usually apply fixed blending rates ...

IOD distinguishes itself as scientific home for researchers working at the boundaries of traditional academic spheres, and generating growing programs in the integration of research with informatics ...