Divide any circle’s circumference by its diameter and you get pi. But what, exactly, are its digits? Measuring physical ...

Abstract: The Crayfish Optimization Algorithm (COA) draws inspiration from crayfish foraging, summer dormancy, and competitive behaviors. However, it often struggles with local optima convergence and ...

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of weak invisible dot matrix data being interfered by the background in the process of reading, which leads to the accuracy and slow speed of the reading algorithm, and ...